Tuesday, September 30, 2014

Digested Cases in Legal Prof 1 - 5

1 Ledesma v Climaco


FACTS:
          Ledesma is counsel de parte of one accused. Thereafter, he was appointed as Election Registrar of Cadiz, Negros Occidental by COMELEC
          Ledesma withdrew as counsel on the basis that his appointment as Election Registrar would require full time service as well as on the volume or pressure of work will prevent him from handling adequately the defense.
          Judge Climaco denied his motion, and even appointed him as counsel de officio of the accused.

ISSUE: WoN the withdrawal of Ledesma should be allowed

HELD: No.

RATIO:
1.        There is obvious reluctance of Ledesma to comply with his responsibilities as counsel de oficio. Then, even assuming that he continues his position, his volume of work is likely to be very much less than present. There is no excuse for him to shirk from his obligation as member of the bar, who expects to remain in good standing, should fulfill.
2.        Ledesma was not mindful of his obligation as counsel de oficio. He ought to know that membership in the bar is a privilege burdened with conditions. Being appointed as counsel de oficio requires a high degree of fidelity (law is a profession and not a mere trade). Requires counsel of repute and eminence.
3.        In criminal cases, right to counsel is absolute. No fair hearing unless the accused be given an opportunity to be heard by counsel.
4.        The denial by Judge Climaco was due to the principal effect to delay the case (case has already been postponed for 8 times)

2 In Re Sycip


FACTS:
§   This is a consolidated petition.  The first one filed by the surviving partners of atty. Alexander Sycip and the other filed by the surviving partners of Atty. Herminio Ovaepa.  They pray that they be allowed to continue using the names of partners who had  passed away.
§   Petitioners based their petitions on the following arguments:
o    Art. 1840 of the Civil Code,
o    in regulating other professions, the legislature has authorized the adoption of firm names without any restriction as to the use of the name of a deceased partner,
o    the Canons of Professional Ethics allows the continued use of a deceased partner when permissible by local custom.

ISSUE:
§   W/N law firms may continue to use the names o deceased partners in their firm names

HELD:
§   NO!
§   Art. 1840 primarily deals with the exception of liability on cases of a dissolved partnership, of the individual property of the deceased partner for debts contracted by the person who continues the business using the partnership name.  what the law contemplates is a hold over situation preparatory to formal reorganization.  Art. 1840 treats more of a commercial partnership with a good will to protect rather than a professional partnership whose reputation depends on the personal qualifications of its individual members.
§   A partnership for the practice of law cannot be likened to partnerships formed by other professionals or for business.  a partnership for the practice of law is not a legal entity.  It is not a partnership formed for then purpose of carrying on trade or business or of holding property.  Thus, assumed or trade name in law practice is improper.  The right to practice law is not a natural or constitutional right but is in the nature of a privilege or franchise.
§   It must be considered that in the Philippines, no local custom permits or allows the continued use of a deceased partner’s name.  Therefore, the cited provision on Canons of Professional Ethics is not applicable.

DISSENTING OPINION:
§   Petition may be granted with the condition that it be indicated in the letterheads of the 2 firms that Sycip and Ovaepa are dead or the period when they served as partners sould be stated therein.

3 Cayetano v Monsod

Facts:
§   Pres. Aquino nominated Christian Monsod to the position of COMELEC chairman.
§   The Commission on Appointments affirmed the nomination and appointed Monsod to the position.
§   Renato Cayetano now assails the appointment.  He says that Monsod is not qualified to the position because he has not been “engaged in the practice of law for ten years” (requirement is provided by Consti Art. 9-C Sec. 1(1)).
Issue:
§   W/n Monsod is qualified for the position of COMELEC chairman.
Held:
§   SC says yes.  Monsod passed the bar in 1960 and had been consistently paying his professional fees.  He worked in a law firm for several years after graduating but after that, had been more engaged in business and politics (for a list of his jobs, see p.238).  Still, the SC said that he can still be considered as practicing law, if we consider the modern concept of the practice of law.  This modern concept pertains to any act, whether in or out of court, which requires the application of law, legal procedure, knowledge, training and experience.
§   SC now says that since most of Monsod’s jobs involved the law, even if he has not been engaged in traditional lawyering (i.e. making pleadings or appearing in court), he can still be considered as to have been engaged in the practice of law.
Dissents:
§   Most of the dissents focused on the issue that the Consti requirement pertains to habitual practice of law.  The dissenters pointed out that for the past ten years, Monsod really seldom practiced law.  This group believed that the Consti required that the practice of law be on a regular basis.  Justice Padilla even came up with qualifications – habituality; compensation; application of law, legal principle, practice or procedure; and atty.-client relationship – to determine w/n a person has been engaged in the practice of law..

4 Cui v Cui

Facts:
§   The main concern in this case is the respective qualifications of Jesus Cui and Antonio Cui to the position of administrator of Hospicio de San Jose de Barii, a charitable institution established by Don Pedro Cui and Dona Benigna Cui.
§   Jesus and Antonio are the sons of Mariano Cui, a nephew of the founders of the institution. Antonio’s claim to the position is based on a “convenio” where then administrator Teodoro resigned in favor of him. Jesus, however, had no prior notice of this.
§   Jesus’s claim is that he should be preferred pursuant to the deed of donation (which recognized their father Mariano as a legitimate descendant to the position) as he is the older of the two.
§   The deed, however, gives preference to a descendant who has a “titulo de abogado” or a doctor, or a civil engineer, or a pharmacist (in order). Or to the one who pays the highest taxes. Jesus holds the degree of Bachelor of Laws but is not a member of the Bar, while Antonio is a member of the Bar (he was formerly disbarred, though, by the SC and was just reinstated weeks before assuming the position) 

Issue:
Who has a better right to the position of administrator between Jose and Antonio?
What does the term “titulo de abogado” mean?

Held:
Antonio. The term “titulo de abogado” is not just mere possession of the academic degree of Bachelor of Laws but membership in the bar after due admission thereto, qualifying one to the practice of law. Possession of the degree is not indispensable to qualify as a lawyer since completion of the prescribed courses may be shown in some other way.

It was also argued that Antonio is disqualified for having been previously disbarred since the deed also provided that an administrator may be removed if found to lack a sound moral character. However, Antonio was reinstated. This reinstatement is a recognition of his moral rehabilitation after proving what was required by the Bar. Antonio’s restoration to the roll of lawyers wiped out restrictions and disabilities resulting from the previous disbarment.

5 Alawi v Alauya


PARTIES
§   ALAWI, sales rep of E.B. Villarosa
§   ALAUYA, incumbent executive clerk of court
FACTS
§   Through ALAWI’S agency, a contract was executed for the purchase on installments by ALAUYA of a housing unit
§   A housing loan was also granted to ALAUYA by the National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation (NHMFC)
§   Subsequently, ALAUYA wrote a letter to the President of Villarosa advising termination of his contract on the grounds that his consent was vitiated by gross misrepresentation, deceit, fraud, dishonesty and abuse of confidence by ALAWI and proceeded to expound using acerbic language
§   A copy of the letter, which bore no stamps, was sent to the VP of Villarosa
§   ALAUYA also wrote the NHMFC repudiating as void his contract with Villarosa and asking for cancellation of his loan
§   Finally, ALAUYA wrote 3 other letters to officers of the SC to stop deductions from his salary regarding the loan from NHMFC
§   NHMFC also wrote the SC requesting it to stop said deductions
§   Learning of the letters, ALAWI filed a complaint alleging that ALAUYA
o    Committed malicious and libelous charges
o    Usurped the title of attorney

ISSUE                     W/N ALAUYA VIOLATED THE CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES

HELD                     YES, PARTICULARLY SECTION 4

RATIO
§   Section 4 “public officials and employees at all times respect the rights of others, and refrain from doing acts contrary to law, public order, public safety and public interest”
§   ALAUYA, being a member of the Shari’a Bar and an officer of the Court, may not use language which is abusive, offensive, scandalous, menacing or otherwise improper
§   His radical deviation from these norms cannot be excused

ISSUE                     W/N ALAUYA BEING A MEMBER OF THE SHARI’A BAR CAN USE THE TITLE “ATTORNEY”

HELD                     NO, RESERVED ONLY FOR THOSE WHO HAVE BEEN ADMITTED AS MEMBERS OF THE INTEGRATED BAR

RATIO
§   Court has already had an occasion to declare that persons who pass the Shari’a Bar are not full-fledged members of the Philippine Bar and may practice law only before Shari’a courts

§   ALAUYA’S wish of not using “counsellor” because of confusion with councilor” is immaterial because disinclination to use said title does not warrant his use of the title “attorney” 

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